Hello, ralf
Inside the PDF Specification there is a limit of 14400 units in both the X and Y directions of a page. The default for PDF files is to use 72 units per inch - so the above 14 400 value translates to a 'max' size of 200 inches, or 5080mm when 72 units per inch are used. The specification defines a separate tool to allow the software creating a PDF page to specify a different 'scaling' of the coordinate system - so that you can create pages with larger dimensions. The CAD software that creates your file seems to ignore the specification and just define a media box of 16851.97 units:

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The same specification states that only the first 14400 units should be displayed even though we, Adobe, and Foxit are all capable of using data beyond these sizes, this limitation still exists and should be observed as the vast majority of other software's which these files can be used with will also respect this.
We may offer a warning in the future, but for now, you should ideally never be making (or need to make) a file which is larger than 200inches to begin with. From a technical standpoint, there is no reason to do so, as PDF is a digital format, you can simply zoom in closer, even if the file was only 20 inches across it would have the same fidelity as a 200 inch document.
I would recommend that, when creating a PDF file from your CAD software, you choose a smaller paper size, instead of unnecessarily printing at a larger size that will cause problems in most PDF software's. (It defeats the purpose of making a "Portable Document Format (PDF)" file, if the software designed to use it cannot do so).
With the new release of PDF 2.0, and as other software's slowly transition to allow larger sizes, we may eventually remove this restrictions, but our Editor software has been capable of this for roughly a decade now, and has handled files this way for that whole time. It is unlikely to change until we can be sure that files we create will be compatible with the majority of other software's.
Kind regards,